Berpadu

Integrasi adalah operasi terbitan terbalik.

Integral fungsi adalah kawasan di bawah grafik fungsi.

Takrif Integral Tidak Terbatas

Bila dF (x) / dx = f (x) =/ integral (f (x) * dx) = F (x) + c

Sifat Integral Tidak Terbatas

integral (f (x) + g (x)) * dx = integral (f (x) * dx) + integral (g (x) * dx)

integral (a * f (x) * dx) = a * integral (f (x) * dx)

kamiran (f (a * x) * dx) = 1 / a * F (a * x) + c

kamiran (f (x + b) * dx) = F (x + b) + c

kamiran (f (a * x + b) * dx) = 1 / a * F (a * x + b) + c

kamiran (df (x) / dx * dx) = f (x)

Perubahan Pembolehubah Integrasi

Bila x = g (t)  dan dx = g '(t) * dt

integral (f (x) * dx) = integral (f (g (t)) * g '(t) * dt)

Integrasi Mengikut Bahagian

kamiran (f (x) * g '(x) * dx) = f (x) * g (x) - integral (f' (x) * g (x) * dx)

Jadual Bersepadu

kamiran (f (x) * dx = F (x) + c

kamiran (a * dx) = a * x + c

integral (x ^ n * dx) = 1 / (a ​​+ 1) * x ^ (a + 1) + c, apabila </ - 1

kamiran (1 / x * dx) = ln (abs (x)) + c

kamiran (e ^ x * dx) = e ^ x + c

kamiran (a ^ x * dx) = a ^ x / ln (x) + c

kamiran (ln (x) * dx) = x * ln (x) - x + c

kamiran (sin (x) * dx) = -cos (x) + c

kamiran (cos (x) * dx) = sin (x) + c

integral (tan (x) * dx) = -ln (abs (cos (x))) + c

integral (arcsin (x) * dx) = x * arcsin (x) + sqrt (1-x ^ 2) + c

kamiran (arccos (x) * dx) = x * arccos (x) - sqrt (1-x ^ 2) + c

kamiran (arctan (x) * dx) = x * arctan (x) - 1/2 * ln (1 + x ^ 2) + c

kamiran (dx / (ax + b)) = 1 / a * ln (abs (a * x + b)) + c

kamiran (1 / sqrt (a ^ 2-x ^ 2) * dx) = arcsin (x / a) + c

integral (1 / sqrt (x ^ 2 + - a ^ 2) * dx) = ln (abs (x + sqrt (x ^ 2 + - a ^ 2)) + c

kamiran (x * sqrt (x ^ 2-a ^ 2) * dx) = 1 / (a ​​* arccos (x / a)) + c

kamiran (1 / (a ​​^ 2 + x ^ 2) * dx) = 1 / a * arctan (x / a) + c

kamiran (1 / (a ​​^ 2-x ^ 2) * dx) = 1 / 2a * ln (abs (((a + x) / (ax))) + c

kamiran (sinh (x) * dx) = cosh (x) + c

kamiran (cosh (x) * dx) = sinh (x) + c

kamiran (tanh (x) * dx) = ln (cosh (x)) + c

 

Definisi Integral Pasti

kamiran (a..b, f (x) * dx) = lim (n-/ inf, jumlah (i = 1..n, f (z (i)) * dx (i)))  

Bila x0 = a, xn = b

dx (k) = x (k) - x (k-1)

x (k-1) <= z (k) <= x (k)

Pengiraan Integral Pasti

Bila  ,

  dF (x) / dx = f (x)  dan

kamiran (a..b, f (x) * dx) = F (b) - F (a)  

Sifat Integral Tentu

integral (a..b, (f (x) + g (x)) * dx) = integral (a..b, f (x) * dx) + integral (a..b, g (x) * dx )

kamiran (a..b, c * f (x) * dx) = c * integral (a..b, f (x) * dx)

integral (a..b, f (x) * dx) = - integral (b..a, f (x) * dx)

integral (a..b, f (x) * dx) = integral (a..c, f (x) * dx) + integral (c..b, f (x) * dx)

abs (integral (a..b, f (x) * dx)) <= integral (a..b, abs (f (x)) * dx)

min (f (x)) * (ba) <= integral (a..b, f (x) * dx) <= maks (f (x)) * (ba)  bila x ahli [a, b]

Perubahan Pembolehubah Integrasi

Bila x = g (t)  , dx = g '(t) * dt  , g (alpha) = a  , g (beta) = b

integral (a..b, f (x) * dx) = integral (alpha..beta, f (g (t)) * g '(t) * dt)

Integrasi Mengikut Bahagian

integral (a..b, f (x) * g '(x) * dx) = integral (a..b, f (x) * g (x) * dx) - integral (a..b, f' (x) * g (x) * dx)

Teorem nilai min

Apabila f ( x ) berterusan terdapat titik c adalah ahli [a, b]  begitu

kamiran (a..b, f (x) * dx) = f (c) * (ba)   

Pendekatan Trapezoidal Integral Pasti

kamiran (a..b, f (x) * dx) ~ (ba) / n * (f (x (0)) / 2 + f (x (1)) + f (x (2)) + .. . + f (x (n-1)) + f (x (n)) / 2)

Fungsi Gamma

gamma (x) = integral (0..inf, t ^ (x-1) * e ^ (- t) * dt

Fungsi Gamma adalah konvergen untuk x/ 0 .

Sifat Fungsi Gamma

G ( x +1) = x G ( x )

G ( n +1) = n ! , apabila n ℕ (bilangan bulat positif). adalah ahli

Fungsi Beta

B (x, y) = integral (0..1, t ^ (n-1) * (1-t) ^ (y-1) * dt

Hubungan Fungsi Beta dan Fungsi Gamma

B (x, y) = Gamma (x) * Gamma (y) / Gamma (x + y)

 

 

 

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