Sastavni

Integracija je obrnuta operacija izvođenja.

Integral funkcije je područje ispod grafa funkcije.

Neodređena integralna definicija

Kada dF (x) / dx = f (x) =/ integral (f (x) * dx) = F (x) + c

Neodređena integralna svojstva

integral (f (x) + g (x)) * dx = integral (f (x) * dx) + integral (g (x) * dx)

integral (a * f (x) * dx) = a * integral (f (x) * dx)

integral (f (a * x) * dx) = 1 / a * F (a * x) + c

integral (f (x + b) * dx) = F (x + b) + c

integral (f (a * x + b) * dx) = 1 / a * F (a * x + b) + c

integral (df (x) / dx * dx) = f (x)

Promjena varijable integracije

Kada x = g (t)  i dx = g '(t) * dt

integral (f (x) * dx) = integral (f (g (t)) * g '(t) * dt)

Integracija po dijelovima

integral (f (x) * g '(x) * dx) = f (x) * g (x) - integral (f' (x) * g (x) * dx)

Tablica integrala

integral (f (x) * dx = F (x) + c

integral (a * dx) = a * x + c

integral (x ^ n * dx) = 1 / (a ​​+ 1) * x ^ (a + 1) + c, kada je a </ - 1

integral (1 / x * dx) = ln (abs (x)) + c

integral (e ^ x * dx) = e ^ x + c

integral (a ^ x * dx) = a ^ x / ln (x) + c

integral (ln (x) * dx) = x * ln (x) - x + c

integral (sin (x) * dx) = -cos (x) + c

integral (cos (x) * dx) = sin (x) + c

integral (tan (x) * dx) = -ln (abs (cos (x))) + c

integral (arcsin (x) * dx) = x * arcsin (x) + sqrt (1-x ^ 2) + c

integral (arccos (x) * dx) = x * arccos (x) - sqrt (1-x ^ 2) + c

integral (arctan (x) * dx) = x * arctan (x) - 1/2 * ln (1 + x ^ 2) + c

integral (dx / (ax + b)) = 1 / a * ln (abs (a * x + b)) + c

integral (1 / sqrt (a ^ 2-x ^ 2) * dx) = arcsin (x / a) + c

integral (1 / sqrt (x ^ 2 + - a ^ 2) * dx) = ln (abs (x + sqrt (x ^ 2 + - a ^ 2)) + c

integral (x * sqrt (x ^ 2-a ^ 2) * dx) = 1 / (a ​​* arccos (x / a)) + c

integral (1 / (a ​​^ 2 + x ^ 2) * dx) = 1 / a * arctan (x / a) + c

integral (1 / (a ​​^ 2-x ^ 2) * dx) = 1 / 2a * ln (abs (((a + x) / (ax))) + c

integral (sinh (x) * dx) = cosh (x) + c

integral (cosh (x) * dx) = sinh (x) + c

integral (tanh (x) * dx) = ln (cosh (x)) + c

 

Definitivna integralna definicija

integral (a..b, f (x) * dx) = lim (n-/ inf, zbroj (i = 1..n, f (z (i)) * dx (i)))  

Kada x0 = a, xn = b

dx (k) = x (k) - x (k-1)

x (k-1) <= z (k) <= x (k)

Definitivni integralni proračun

Kada  ,

  dF (x) / dx = f (x)  i

integral (a..b, f (x) * dx) = F (b) - F (a)  

Definitivna integralna svojstva

integral (a..b, (f (x) + g (x)) * dx) = integral (a..b, f (x) * dx) + integral (a..b, g (x) * dx )

integral (a..b, c * f (x) * dx) = c * integral (a..b, f (x) * dx)

integral (a..b, f (x) * dx) = - integral (b..a, f (x) * dx)

integral (a..b, f (x) * dx) = integral (a..c, f (x) * dx) + integral (c..b, f (x) * dx)

abs (integral (a..b, f (x) * dx)) <= integral (a..b, abs (f (x)) * dx)

min (f (x)) * (ba) <= integral (a..b, f (x) * dx) <= max (f (x)) * (ba)  kada x član [a, b]

Promjena varijable integracije

Kada x = g (t)  , dx = g '(t) * dt  , g (alfa) = a  , g (beta) = b

integral (a..b, f (x) * dx) = integral (alfa..beta, f (g (t)) * g '(t) * dt)

Integracija po dijelovima

integral (a..b, f (x) * g '(x) * dx) = integral (a..b, f (x) * g (x) * dx) - integral (a..b, f' (x) * g (x) * dx)

Teorem o srednjoj vrijednosti

Kad je f ( x ) kontinuirano, postoji točka c je član [a, b]  tako

integral (a..b, f (x) * dx) = f (c) * (ba)   

Trapezoidna aproksimacija određenog integrala

integral (a..b, f (x) * dx) ~ (ba) / n * (f (x (0)) / 2 + f (x (1)) + f (x (2)) + .. . + f (x (n-1)) + f (x (n)) / 2)

Gama funkcija

gama (x) = integral (0..inf, t ^ (x-1) * e ^ (- t) * dt

Gama funkcija je konvergentna za x/ 0 .

Svojstva gama funkcije

G ( x +1) = x G ( x )

G ( n +1) = n ! , kada je n ℕ (pozitivan cijeli broj). je član

Beta funkcija

B (x, y) = integral (0..1, t ^ (n-1) * (1-t) ^ (y-1) * dt

Beta funkcija i odnos gama funkcije

B (x, y) = Gama (x) * Gama (y) / Gama (x + y)

 

 

 

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